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Solar Cells
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Rechargeable Battery
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Power Device
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Image Sensor (CMOS Sensor)
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Wafer Substrate & EPI
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Ramp roughness AFM
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Reverse Analysis SMM&SSRM
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Gallium nitride (GaN)
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Silicon Carbide (SiC)
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3rd and 4th generation semiconductors
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Graphene
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Semiconductor Laser
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Chip Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor (MLCC)
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Memory Device
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Semiconductor Laser
Carrier distribution measurement of vertical cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL)
[Summary] The laser realizes the particle number reversal of the non-equilibrium carrier through a certain excitation method between the energy band (conductive band and valence band) of the semiconductor material, or between the energy band and impurities (acceptor or donor) energy levels of the semiconductor material. When a large number of electrons in the state of inverted particle number recombination with holes, it produces an exciting emission effect. Therefore, for such devices, SMM is often used to evaluate whether carriers are accurately doped.